Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Understanding Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the blood pressure in your arteries is consistently elevated. This is a serious health concern that can lead to numerous dangerous complications if left unmanaged. Blood pressure is measured with two numbers, systolic (top number) and diastolic (bottom number). High blood pressure is generally defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of ≥ 90 mmHg.

Causes of Hypertension

In many cases, the cause of hypertension is unknown (primary hypertension). However, several risk factors can increase your chances of developing the condition, including:

• Family history: A family history of hypertension.
• Unhealthy diet: High intake of salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol.
• Lack of physical activity: Insufficient physical exercise.
• Smoking: Smoking increases blood pressure and damages blood vessels.
• Excessive alcohol consumption: Alcohol raises blood pressure.
• Obesity and overweight: High body mass index (BMI).
• Stress: Prolonged stress.
• Kidney disease: Chronic kidney disease.
• Lack of sleep: Insufficient sleep.

Symptoms of Hypertension

Many cases of hypertension have no noticeable symptoms, making it difficult for individuals to detect. However, some symptoms may appear when blood pressure rises suddenly, including:

• Severe headaches.
• Dizziness.
• Shortness of breath.
• Fatigue.
• Rapid heartbeat.
• Blurred vision.

Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension

Prevention is the most crucial step. To reduce your risk of hypertension, you should:

• Maintain a healthy diet: Reduce salt intake, increase fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Engage in regular exercise: At least 30 minutes most days of the week.
• Lose weight if overweight or obese.
• Quit smoking.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Manage stress effectively.
• Get enough sleep.
• Undergo regular health checkups.

Treatment of hypertension typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Adhering to your doctor’s treatment plan is crucial for managing blood pressure and preventing dangerous complications.